API stands for American Petroleum Institute. In 1970, along with the SAE and ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), they established the API Service Classification System to define the performance level of a given oil, unrelated in the main, to oil viscosity.

The API requirements “S” for Spark Ignition (petrol) and “C” for Compression Ignition (diesel) can be briefly described as follows. The latest API “S” and “C” classifications are backwards compatible and suitable for use in place of earlier classifications.

Petrol

SA - Oil without additive. Now obsolete.

SB - Some antioxidant and anti scuff properties. Now obsolete.

SC - Meets 1964-1967 requirements of Automotive manufacturers. Now obsolete.

SD - Meets 1968-1971 requirements of Automotive manufacturers. Now obsolete.

SE - Meets 1972-1979 requirements of Automotive manufacturers. Now obsolete.

SF - Meets 1980-1988 requirements of Automotive manufacturers. Now obsolete.

SG - Meets 1989-1993 requirements of Automotive manufacturers. Now obsolete.

SH - Meets 1994-1997 requirements of Automotive manufacturers. Now obsolete.

SJ - Meets 1998-2000 requirements of Automotive manufacturers.

SL - Meets 2001-2004 requirements of Automotive manufacturers.

SM - Meets 2004-2010 requirements of automotive manufacturers. XW-20 and XW-30 grades have chemical limits.

SN - Introduced in October 2010, designed to provide improved high temperature deposit protection for pistons, more stringent sludge control and seal compatibility. API SN with Resource Conserving matches ILSAC GF-5 by combining API SN performance with improved fuel economy, turbo charger protection, emission control system compatibility and protection of engines using E85 fuel.

SN Plus - Licensed from May 2018 as a supplement to API SN and ILSAC GF-5 to ensure that engine oils properly protect against low speed pre-ignition (LSPI), a severe engine performance issue that affects gasoline direct injected (GDI) and turbocharged GDI (T-GDI) engines.

SP - Introduced from May 2020, with added performance benefits required to meet the demands of modern engine technology – including, engine downsizing, gasoline direct injection (GDI), turbocharging and gasoline particulate filters (GPFs). Engine oils meeting the requirements of API SP deliver several performance advantages versus current API SN and API SN PLUS categories for spark-ignited internal combustion engines, including:

• Low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) mitigation throughout the drain interval
• Engine and chain wear performance
• Corrosion protection
• Emissions system compatibility 
• Oxidation stability
• Deposit control
• Sludge and varnish protection

Diesel

CA - Light duty, high sulphur diesel engines built before 1960. Equivalent to MIL-L-2104A. Now obsolete.

CB - Introduced in 1949 for moderate duty, high sulphur diesel engines built before 1962. Now obsolete.

CC - Introduced in 1951 for moderate to severe duty diesel engines built before 1991. Equivalent to MIL-L-2104B. Now obsolete.

CD - Introduced in 1955 for severe duty diesel engines, including turbo and Caterpillar Series 3, built before 1995. Equivalent to MIL-L-2104C. Now obsolete.

CD-II - Introduced in 1985. API CD plus Detroit Diesel 6V53T approval for two stroke engines built before 1995. Now obsolete.

CE - Introduced in 1985 for turbo/supercharged heavy duty diesel engines built before 1995. Now obsolete.

CF - Introduced in 1994, for off-road, indirect injection diesel engines and others using a broad range of fuel types including high sulphur. May be used to replace API CD oils. Now obsolete.

CF-2 - Introduced in 1994 for severe duty two stroke diesel engine service from 1994. Can be used in place of API CD-II oils. Now obsolete.

CF-4 - Introduced in 1990 for severe duty four stroke diesel engines, including turbos. Can replace API CD & CE oils. Now obsolete.

CG-4 - Introduced in 1995 for severe duty four stroke diesel engines meeting 1994 emission standards (less than 0.5% sulphur). Can replace API CD, CE & CF-4 oils. Now obsolete.

CH-4 - Introduced in 1998 for high speed four stroke diesel engines meeting 1998 emission standards (less than 0.5% sulphur). Can replace API CD, CE, CF-4 & CG-4 oils.

CI-4 - Introduced in September 2002 for high speed four stroke diesel engines, designed to meet 2004 exhaust emission standards and using low sulphur fuel (less than 0.5%). Can replace API CD, CE, CF-4, CG-4 & CH-4 oils.

CI-4 - As per CI-4 but with further restrictions on PLUS after shear viscosity and performance.

CJ-4 - Introduced in 2006 for 15ppm maximum fuel sulphur. Enhanced wear protection, 1.0% ashmaximum. For engines designed to meet 2010 model year on-highway emission standards. Effective where particulate filters and other after-treatment systems are used. Improved performance for soot handling, oxidative thickening, engine wear piston deposit formation, foaming and viscosity loss due to shear. Can replace API CI-4 Plus, CI-4, CH-4, CG-4 & CF-4 oils

Starting from December 1st 2016, the API (American Petroleum Institute) launched two new diesel specifications with the aim of providing enhanced engine protection, lower fuel economy and to help meet new US environmental regulations starting in 2017. Both specifications are designed to provide enhanced engine protection for heavy duty engines.

CK-4 effectively replaces API CJ-4 and is backward compatible with most applications where currently an API CJ-4, CI-4/Plus or CH-4 oil is recommended.

It has has improved -                 

• Shear stability
• Oxidation resistance
• Aeration control

CK-4 oils are designed for use in high-speed four-stroke diesel engines that are designed to meet 2017 model year, on-highway and Tier 4 non-road exhaust emission standards (reduction of particle matter and NOx) as well as being compliant for previous model year diesel engines.

These oils are effective at sustaining emission control system durability where particulate filters and other advanced after treatment systems are used. API CK-4 oils are designed to provide enhanced protection against oil oxidation, viscosity loss due to shear and oil aeration as well as protection against catalyst poisoning, particulate filter blocking, engine wear, piston deposits, degradation of low- and high-temperature properties and soot-related viscosity increase.

CK-4 oils exceed the performance criteria of API CJ-4, CI-4/PLUS, CH-4 and can effectively lubricate engines calling for those API Service Categories.

Note: When using CK-4 oil with higher than 15 ppm sulphur fuel, consult the engine manufacturer for service interval recommendations.

These oils are formulated for use in all applications with diesel fuels ranging in sulphur content up to 500 ppm (0.05% by weight). However, the use of these oils with greater than 15 ppm (0.0015% by weight) sulphur fuel may impact exhaust after-treatment system durability and/or oil drain interval.

FA-4

API FA-4 oils are XW-30 oils specifically formulated for use in select high-speed four-stroke diesel engines designed to meet 2017 model year on-highway greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards. 

FA-4 oils provide similar improvements to CK-4 oils but they are NOT backward compatible with earlier engines. These oils are designed for use in on-highway engines manufactured from 2017 onwards. This specification requires a XW-30 viscosity grade oil with a low HTHS viscosity (between 2.9 cP and 3.2 cP).

FA-4 oils are NOT interchangeable or backward compatible with API CK-4, CJ-4, CI-4, CI-4PLUS and CH-4 oils. Users need to refer to engine manufacturer recommendations to determine if API FA-4 oils are suitable for use with their engine.

FA-4 oils are not recommended for use with fuels having greater than 15 ppm sulphur. For fuels with sulphur content greater than 15 ppm, refer to engine manufacturer recommendations. These oils are formulated for use in on-highway applications with diesel fuel sulphur content up to 15 ppm (0.0015% by weight).

These oils are blended to a high temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity range of 2.9cP–3.2cP to assist in reducing GHG (Green House Gas) emissions. They are effective at sustaining emission control system durability where particulate filters and other advanced after-treatment systems are used.

FA-4 oils are designed to provide enhanced protection against oil oxidation, viscosity loss due to shear, and oil aeration as well as protection against catalyst poisoning, particulate filter blocking, engine wear, piston deposits, degradation of low- and high-temperature properties, and soot-related viscosity increase.

SUMMARY

CK-4 OILS

• Next generation after CJ-4 oils
• Better Shear stability
• Better Oxidation resistance
• Better Aeration control
• Can replace CJ-4, CI-4 Plus, CI-4 and CH-4 oils
• Designed to run on diesel fuel with lower the 15 PPM sulphur

FA-4 Oils

• XW-30 viscosity engine oils
• Not backward compatible with previous API Service Category oils
• Designed for vehicles manufactured from 2017 onwards
• Low HT/HS range between 2.9cP–3.2cP
• Not recommended for use with diesel fuels with over 15 PPM Sulphur

API Certification

API “Starburst” and “Donut” Licenses:

API license two types of Marks or Licenses: A Certification Mark commonly referred to as a “Starbust” and a Service Symbol, commonly referred to as a “Donut”. These Marks identify a quality, API licensed motor oil petrol and diesel powered engines. API have designed these licenses that define, certified and monitor engine oil performancethat vehicle and engine manufacturers as well as the lubricants industry have considered necessary for satisfactory engine life and performance.

They are intended to assist the end user to identify products that have satisfied the requirements forlicensing by the API and therefore provides confidence in the quality of the oil they are purchasing. In some countries, a lubricant cannot be sold without an API quality Mark.

API Certification Mark or “Starburst”:

An oil showing this Mark identifies it as meeting the current ILSAC (International Lubricant Standardisation and Approval Committee) performance standard for engine protection and fuel
economy requirements. The ILSAC GF-5 minimum performance standard is the current basis for issuing a license to use the API Certification Mark or “Starburst.

API Service Symbol or “Donut”:

An oil displaying a “Donut” denotes a licensed oil’s performance properties through the use of API “S” Service Categories and, if applicable, the Resource Conserving and API “C” designations. Below are examples of “Donuts”.

Different parts to the Service Symbol or “Donut”:

1. Performance Level
   This will indicate the API performance level attained by the oil. Petrol engine oil specifications are designated by API “S” Service Categories, in this case, API SN.The use of more than one API “S” Service Category in this section of the Service Symbol is prohibited. Diesel engine oil specifications are designated by API “C” categories, such as CJ-4.
   
   
2. Viscosity Grade
   This is where the viscosity grade of the licensed product is shown.
   
   
3. Resource Conserving and Energy Conserving
   These designations apply to oils intended for petrol engine use. Using these oils may result in an overall saving on fuel use or increased fuel economy.
   
   
4. Multiple Performance Levels
   This section may include more than one API performance level. Oils designed for diesel use might also meet apetrol performance level. In this case, the “C” category is listed first followed by the “S” category.
   
   
5. Service Symbol with CI-4 Plus
   The “CI-4 PLUS” designation identifies oils that are formulated to provide a higher level of protection against soot related viscosity increase and viscosity  loss due to shear in diesel engines. When originally introduced, “CI-4 PLUS” identified CI-4 oils meeting a higher level or performance. CJ-4 oils include all “CI-4 PLUS” performance requirements. In this case,
   the “CI-4 PLUS” appears in the lower portion of the “Donut”. This portion is also known as where the Performance Designation is listed.

Using the correct fluid during the warranty period for a vehicle ensures that you maintain your manufacturer warranty for that vehicle. Using a non-approved products for servicing during the warranty period can jeopardise the manufacturer’s warranty and could lead to engine, transmission, drivetrain or cooling system failure if the product does not meet the OEM specifications for that manufacturer. Penrite has a number of products that are approved by major manufacturers.

Manufacturer Approved products can be -

• Engine Oils
• Transmission Oils
• Gear and Driveline Oils
• Coolants
• Greases
• Brake, steering and suspension fluids

Below are examples of some of Penrite approvals.

To view the FULL LIST of OEM approved products, click here

Some vehicle manufacturers have strict guidelines in relation to what specification or OEM approval is required for vehicle service. Lubricant manufacturers can supply approved products in order to maintain vehicle manufacturers warranties. Failure to use an OEM approved oil can therefore in some cases, void the manufacturers warranty.

Dexos™ is General Motors Corporation international standard for engine oils suitable for use in their ranges of fuel efficient, low emission engines.

Dexos™ 1 is for petrol driven engines with the latest update to Dexos™ 1 GEN 3 starting from September 2021. The latest version provides for improved aeration control, turbocharger protection and engine cleanliness, staying ahead of the latest industry standard (ILSAC GF-6). It will be backward compatible with Dexox™ 1 Gen 2.

Dexos™ 2 is for Diesel and some petrol driven vehicles and meets Low SAP requirements for vehicles fitted with exhaust treatment devices such as DPFs (Diesel Particulate Filters). 

Dexos™ D is low viscosity oil for diesel engined vehicles with exhaust treatment devices such as DPFs (Diesel Particulate Filters)

BMW:

LONGLIFE-98: Special long-life engine oil, approved by BMW. Also meets ACEA A3/B3, API SJ/CD. Usually required for BMWs manufactured before MY 2002.
Obsolete since 2009.

LONGLIFE-01: Special BMW approval for full synthetic long-life oil. Product meets ACEA A3/B3 & API: SJ/CD EC-II. mUsually required for BMWs built after MY 2002. Can also be used where a BMW Longlife-98 oil is recommended.

LONGLIFE-01 FE: Full synthetic long-life oil with fuel economy properties. Oils meeting this specifications must have a low HTHS viscosity to meet the manufacturer's fuel economy requirements. These oils are only suitable for the following engines: N1x, N2x, N54, N55, N63, N74.

LONGLIFE-04: Special BMW approval for full synthetic long-life oil. Viscosities are SAE 0W-30, 0W-40, 5W-30 and 5W-40. Usually required for BMWs equipped with a diesel particulate filter (DPF). General performance: ACEA C3. Can also be used where a BMW Longlife-98 or BMW Longlife-01 oil is recommended.

LONGLIFE-12: Special motor oil for certain approved petrol engines and the following diesel engines only: Nx7K1, Nx7U1, Nx7O1 from model year 2013. Not suitable for engines with 2 or 3 turbos. Compatible with ACEA C2. Viscosity is SAE 0W-30.

LONGLIFE-14: Special motor oil for the following petrol engines only: N20, Bx8 from model year 2014. Not allowed for diesel engines. Based on ACEA A1/B1-12.

LONGLIFE-17 FE: Premium lower SAPS lubricants. They are designed for use in the latest BMW gasoline engines and light-duty diesel engines with gasoline or diesel particulate filters. Typically low HTHS (≥ 2.65cP) SAE 0W-20 based on API Group IV base oils.

CATERPILLAR:

ECF-1-A: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification. Replaces ECF-1. Effective from March 1, 2007. API CH-4 requirements.

ECF-2: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification. Replaces ECF-1 and is preferred over ECF-1-A oils. API CI-4/CI-4 Plus requirements. Effective from March 1, 2007.

ECF-3: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification. For both on and off-road truck engines. Based on API CJ-4 requirements. Effective from March 1, 2007. These oils are strongly recommended for Caterpillar engines with DPF.

Cummins:

CES 20071: Cummins Engineering Standard (CES). Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification. For engines without EGR. SAE 15W-40. Complies with API CH-4, API CH-4 + SJ and Global DHD-1.

CES 20072: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification. Complies with API CH-4, Global DHD-1 & ACEA E5. CES 20074: Heavy duty engine oil specification. For natural gas B, C, G5.9 & G8.3 engines. SAE 15W-40 or SAE 40.

CES 20075: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification. Minimum quality for mid-range engines without EGR outside of North America. SAE 15W-40. Complies with API CF-4/SG, JAMA DH-1 & ACEA E2/E3. Oil drain intervals must be reduced to 250 hours/15,000 kms if CES 20075 oils are used.

CES 20076: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification. For heavy duty and high horsepower engines without EGRin North America. SAE 15W-40. Complies to API CH-4 with the added requirement of a 300 hour Cummins M11 test.

CES 20077: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification. For heavy duty and high horsepower engines without EGR in North America. SAE 15W-40. Complies to ACEA E5 with the addition of a 300 hour test to ACEA E5.

CES 20078: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification. For heavy duty and mid-range engines with EGR. SAE 15W-40 or 10W-30. Complies with API CI-4.

CES 20081: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification. For heavy duty and mid-range engines with exhaust after-treatments.

CES 20086: Lower Sulphated Ash, Phosphorus and Sulfur (SAPS) engine lubricant specification designed for use in high performance medium- and heavy-duty diesel engines. Can be used in applications where Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and advanced aftertreatment systems such as Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) are fitted and ultra-low sulfur diesel is available. Typically align with Stage IIIB, IV and V European off-highway emissions standards and the Tier 4 Final North American emissions standard. Recommended by Cummins for use anywhere CES 20081 was previously recommended. Cummins CES 20086 lubricants are typically SAE 15W-40, 10W-40, 10W-30 or 5W-30 viscosity grades and based on API Group II and/or API Group III base oils.

Detroit Diesel:

PGOS 93K124: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification designed to meet cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology and existing retarded fuel injection
timing introduced in October 2002.

PGOS 93K218: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification. Based on API CJ-4.

PGOS 93K222: Heavy duty diesel engine Oil specification based upon API CK-4 specifications

PGOS 93K223: Heavy duty diesel engine oil based upon API FA-4 specifications

FIAT:

9.55535-G1: Qualification for petrol engine lubricants granting fuel economy and extended drain. Synthetic based lubricant.

9.55535-G2: Qualification for petrol engine lubricants with standard characteristics.

9.55535-H2: Qualification for petrol engine lubricants, granting high performances and high viscosity at high temperatures. OEM recommended product also meets API: SM, ACEA A3-04/B3-04.

9.55535-H3: Qualification for petrol engine lubricants granting very high performances.

9.55535-D2: Qualification for diesel engine lubricants with standard characteristics.

9.55535-M2: Qualification for lubricants with extended drain. OEM recommended product also meets ACEA B3-04/B4-04, GM-LL-B-025.

9.55535-N2: Qualification for lubricants with a very good characteristics for turbocharged engines, diesel and petrol, with extended drain. Minimum requirement is ACEA A3/B4-04.

9.55535-S1: Qualification for diesel and petrol engine, with exhaust treatment system, lubricants, granting fuel economy and extended drain. OEM recommended product is also approved to ACEA C2.

9.55535-S2: Qualification for diesel and petrol engine, mwith exhaust treatment system, lubricants, with extended drain. OEM recommended product also meets: ACEA C3-04, MB 229.51 & API: SM/CF.

9.55535-GS1: ACEA C2 based, 0W-30 viscosity, MidSAPS engine oil for the latest petrol engines of the Fiat Group (Fiat, Alfa-Romeo, Lancia).

9.55535-DS1: ACEA C2 based, 0W30 viscosity, MidSAPS mengine oil for the latest diesel engines of the Fiat Group (Fiat, Alfa-Romeo, Lancia).

FORD:

M2C913-A: Engine oil, initial and service fill, SAE 5W-30. This specification meets the ILSAC GF-2, ACEA A1-98 & mB1-98 and additional Ford requirements.

M2C913-B: Engine oils used for lubrication of spark ignition engines using petrol and for compression ignition engines using diesel fuels. The oil shall meet all the requirements of the ILSAC GF-2 & GF-3 specification, the ACEA A1-98 & B1-98 specification and additional Ford requirements.

M2C913-C: Fully backwards compatible and is strongly recommended for all applications that require the specification Ford M2C913-A and M2C913-B. Provides various benefits to the customer such as improved fuel economy benefits and high robustness to biodiesel fuels.
General requirements: ACEA A5/B5.

M2C913-D: Introduced in 2012, oils meeting this specification are recommended for all Ford diesel engines except Ford Ka TDCi models manufactured before 2009 and Ford Galaxy 1.9 TDi models manufactured between 2000 and 2006. Especially recommended for diesel engines where M2C913-B or M2C913-C oils were initially required. Oils meeting this specification can be used with extended oil change intervals and are also suitable to be used in engines running on biodiesel or high sulfur diesel.

M2C917-A: Viscosity SAE 5W-40 engine oil for pump injector diesel engines. Ford’s code for VW specification 505 01. Equivalent performance includes ACEA A3/ B4/C3.

M2C934-B: Extended drain engine oil for vehicles equipped with diesel particulate filter (DPF). General requirement is ACEA C1. M2C937-A: Special engine oil for Ford Focus RS. Viscosity should be SAE 0W-40. General requirement is ACEA A3/B4.

M2C945-A: Performance Level ILSAC GF-5

M2C947-A: General performance level: ILSAC GF-5 and API: SN.

M2C948-B: Largely based on the ACEA C2 oil sequence this spec requires a low SAPS 5W-20 oil and is primarily designed for the 2012- on, 1.0 liter, 3-cylinder EcoBoost engine. Contains in-house tests for fuel economy and piston deposit control. Oils meeting this spec must provide a 0.9% fuel economy improvement over regular 5W-20 oils.

M2C950-A: Special engine oil for Ford Focus Diesel 2.0 manufactured from September 2014 and Ford Mondeo Diesel 2.0 manufactured from 2015. Viscosity should be SAE 0W-30.

M2C960-A1: 5W-20 engine oil for gasoline engines meeting ILSAC GF-6A specifications

M2C961-A1: API Certified for gasoline engine service ILSAC GF-6 and meets API SP/Resource Conserving and SN PLUS

M2C962-A1: 0W-20 engine oil for gasoline engines meeting ILSAC GF-6A specifications

M2C963-A1: API Certified for gasoline engine service ILSAC GF-6 and meets API SP/Resource Conserving and SN PLUS

General Motors:

GM-LL-A-025: Special GM approval for long-life engine oil for petrol engines. Viscosity is SAE 0W-30. Product meets ACEA A3/B3. Drain interval can be as long as 30,000 kms. Recommended for vehicles built before MY2011.

GM-LL-B-025: Special GM approval for long-life engine oil for diesel engines. Viscosity is SAE 5W-40. Product meets ACEA A3/B3/B4. Drain interval can be as long as 50 000 kms. Recommended for vehicles built before MY2011.

GMW 17332: Dexos™ 1 Gen 2 engine oil

GMW 16177: Dexos™ 2 engine oil

GMW 18006: Dexos™ D engine oil

GM DEXOS Motor Oil Specifications: GM Dexos™ approved oils are recommended to be used in all GM vehicles except those built with Duramax diesel engines that require an API CJ-4 quality oil.

GM DEXOS™ 1: Designed with petrol engines from MY 2011 onwards, GM Dexos1TM replaces the GM-LL-A-025, GM6094M & GM4718M specifications. This specification is usually recommended for GM vehicles built for the North American and Asian markets. Compared to ILSAC GF-5, it has stricter requirements regarding piston deposit formation, aeration, oxidation stability, wear, low-temperature pumpability and volatility. SAE 0W-20, 5W-20 & 5W-30.

GM DEXOS™ 2: The GM Dexos2TM specification is meant to be the replacement for both GM-LL-A-025 (petrol) & GM-LL-B-025 (diesel) specifications for the European market. Oils meeting GM Dexos2TM are required for vehicles manufactured from MY2011 onward but they are also backwards compatible with older models. This specification is built on the ACEA C3 standard but also contains elements from the ILSAC GF-4 deposit formation test and low-temperature sludge build-up test. SAE 0W-30, 5W-30, 0W-40 & 5W-40.

GM DEXOS™ D: Low viscosity oil for diesel engined vehicles with exhaust treatment devices such as DPFs (Diesel Particulate Filters)

MACK:

EO-N PREMIUM PLUS 03: Heavy duty diesel engine moil, exceeding API CI-4 and must pass Mack T-10 & T-11 tests. Available in multiple viscosities but a 5W-40 must be synthetic.

EO-O PREMIUM PLUS: Heavy duty diesel engine oil, intended for use in engines which meet the 2007 (EPA 07) and later emissions requirements. These engines are designed with exhaust after-treatment systems. They are based on API CJ-4 with additional performance requirements, to fulfil the drain interval demands of Mack engines. It supercedes EO-N Premium Plus and is comparable to Volvo VDS-4.

MAN:

M3271-1: Heavy duty engine oil specification for CNG/LPG engines.

M3275: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification for high return engines.

M3277: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification for high return engines.

M3277 CRT: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification specially for engines equipped with DPFs.

M3377: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification for super high performance engines intended for extended oil change intervals. These oils have better performance on deposits and piston cleanliness compared to M3277 engine oils.

M3477: Heavy duty, high performance diesel engine oil specification for oils meeting SAE 0W-XX, 5W-XX or 10W-XX viscosity grades. Suitable for engines fitted with after-treatment devices up to and including those meeting Euro 4 emission standards. Low SAPS oil complying to ACEA E6.

M3677: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification for high performance oils which can be used for extended oil drains intervals for Euro 6 engines.

Mercedes-Benz:

The name of the MB specifications derives from the Mercedes Bluebook scheme, divided by numbered paragraphs and pages. It is used by dealers to identify the products certified by the manufacturer and their correct application on the engines.

MB 226.5: This specification is required for Mercedes vehicles with petrol engines supplied by the RenaultNissan Alliance. Specification requirements are similar to MB 229.5.

MB 226.51: This specification is based on RN0720 and is recommended for Mercedes vehicles with DPF fitted diesel engines supplied by Renault. Oils meeting this specification have very good thermal stability and after-treatment compatibility.

MB 228.1: Heavy duty, diesel engine oil specification for MB engines without ASSYST. Meets ACEA E2 and additional MB demands.

MB 228.3: Heavy duty, multigrade, diesel engine oil specification superceding MB 228.1.

MB 228.31: Heavy duty, low ash, diesel engine oil.

MB 228.5: Heavy duty, multigrade, diesel engine oil specification superceding MB 228.3.

MB 228.51: Heavy duty, diesel engine oil specification applicable for high performance engines meeting Euro 4 emissions standards. Can also be used for Euro 3, Euro 2 and Euro 1 requirements.

MB 229.1: For petrol and diesel engines. Minimum quality required ACEA A2/B2 with additional limits on engine.

MB 229.3: For petrol and diesel engines. Minimum quality required ACEA A3/B3/B4 and MB 229.1. It can only certify 0/5 W-X oils.

MB 229.31: Multigrade, low SAPS engine oil, advised for both diesel and petrol engines of Mercedes Benz, Smart and Chrysler. Only low viscosity engine oils which can realize a 1,0% saving on used fuel in the M111 Fuel economy test (CEC L-54-T-96) can get this approval. In this test the fuel savings are compared to the performance of the Reference oil RL 191 (SAE 15W-40).

MB 229.5: MB sheet for energy conserving oils forcertain car and van engines. Approved oils must meet ACEA A3, B3 & B4 specification and some additional demands by Daimler Chrysler AG. Oil must be on the approval list.

MB 229.51: Low SAPS Long Life engine oil for diesel engines with particle filter meeting emission EU-4 -> standards.

MB 229.52: Oils meeting this specifications must have lower ash content, at least 1% better fuel economy compared to the requirements of MB 229.31 & MB 229.51 and better oxidation stability for biofuel compatibility. Can also be used where an MB 229.31 or an MB 229.51 oil is required. Just like MB 229.5 and MB 229.51 this spec requires a long life oil. Specification for BlueTEC OM642.xxx engines

MB 229.6: Specially formulated for petrol engines in model series M270, M274 and M276, to further improve efficiency in these units and thus minimize fuel consumption. Specification MB 229.6 is not backwards compatible with earlier MB specifications.

MB 229.61: Low SAPs long lfe oil for use in gasoline model series M176 and M256 and diesel series OM 654 and OM 656

MB 229.71: Specification requires a minimum high temperature and high shear viscosity of HTHS of 2.6 to 2.9 mPa*s and TBN (Total Base Number) of 7.5 or higher in a 0W-20 viscosity. The Mercedes-Benz MB 229.71 oil standard correlates with the ACEA C5 oil specification.

Porsche:

PORSCHE A40: Introduced in 2009 for all Porsche petrol cars from 1994 onwards, except for long drain applications for Cayenne V6.

PORSCHE C30: Porsche engine oil specification for diesel engines. Equivalent to VW 504 00/507 00.

PORSCHE C20: Porsche Engine oil specification equivalent of VW 508 00/509 00

Peugeot:

The French PSA group issued a set of oil specifications in 2009 in order to exercise greater control over the motor oils used in their vehicles. All specifications are based on ACEA specs but also require further conditions to be met.

B71 2290: Peugeot/Citroën engine oil specification introduced in 2009. B71 2290 is a low-SAPS oil intended for engines with diesel particulate filters and with Euro 5 emission standards. General specifications are: ACEA C2 or C3 with additional PSA tests.

B71 2294: Peugeot/Citroën engine oil specification introduced in 2009. Main specification: ACEA A3/B4with additional PSA tests.

B71 2295: Peugeot/Citroën engine oil standard for engine before MY 1998. General specification: ACEA A2/B2.

B71 2296: Peugeot/Citroën engine oil specification introduced in 2009. General specifications: ACEA A3/B4 +
additional PSA tests.

B71 2312: Specification for oils able to endure the most severe thermal constraints along with most modern after-treatment systems compatibility. Applies to all Peugeot and Citroen vehicles equipped with “BlueHDi” Diesel engines fitted with SCR (Selective Catalyst Reduction) allowing NOx (Nitrous oxides) treatment through the use of AdBlue® additive or so-called “diesel exhaust fluid”. The standard also requires improved cold flow properties to reduce hydrodynamic friction of the oil, in order to obtain fuel economy benefits especially when the oil is cold. Complies to ACEA C1/C2 with additional PSA requirements.

RENAULT:

RD-2: Heavy duty engine oil specification complying mwith ACEA E3-96 issue 4 and Volvo VDS-2. Discontinued in 2013. Can be replaced by RLD-2.

RLD: RLD (Renault Long Drain), is a heavy duty engine oil specification that complies with ACEA E7 and Volvo VDS-3. Discontinued in 2013. Can be replaced mby RLD-2.

RLD-2: Heavy duty engine oil specification complying with ACEA E7-02 and Volvo VDS-3.

RLD-3: Heavy duty engine oil specification for Euro 5 engines. General requirements are ACEA E9-08 & Volvo VDS-4.

RN0700: Renault engine oil specification; introduced in 2007 upon introduction of the Laguna III. General requirements: ACEA A3/B4 or ACEA A5/B5.

RN0710: Renault engine oil specification; introduced in 2007 upon introduction of the Laguna III. General requirements: ACEA A3/B4 + additional Renault demands.

RN0720: Renault engine oil specification; introduced in 2007 upon introduction of the Laguna III. General requirements: ACEA C4 + additional Renault demands. RN0720 is designed for use in the latest generation diesel engines equipped with DPF.

RXD: EXD (Renault Extra Long Drain) is a heavy duty engine oil specification, meeting ACEA E4-99, ACEA E7-04 and Volvo VDS-3. Discontinued in 2013. Can be replaced by RLD-2 or ACEA E6.

RN17: Mid SAPS service fill specification for gasoline and EURO 6 diesel vehicles. Replaces older specifications, RN700 and RN710. Designed for turbocharged gasoline direct (TGDI) engines and includes gasoline particulate filter (GPF) protection and specific tests to ensure oxidation performance, piston cleanliness and sooted valvetrain wear performance.

Volkswagen:

VW 500 00: Volkswagen specification for multigrade mengine oils for petrol engines with SAE 5W-X/10W-X viscosity. This is an "old" oil specification and is applicable to engines built before model year 2000 (up to August 1999). Oils with an approval made post March 1997 were given an alternative, later VW specification.

VW 501 01: Conventional motor oils suitable for some VW petrol engines built before MY 2000. This is an “old” oil specification and is applicable to engines built before model year 2000 (up to August 1999). Oils with an approval made post March 1997 were given an alternative, later VW specification.

VW 502 00: Oil for petrol engines. Successor of VW 501 01 & VW 500 00 specification. Recommended for those which are subject to arduous conditions. It must not be used for any engines with variable service intervals or any which are referred to under other specifications.

VW 503 00: Long-life petrol engine oil for VW cars with WIV (system for longer service intervals). Also meets ACEA A1, SAE 0W-30 or 5W-30 specification.

VW 503 01: This specification is specifically for Audi RS4, Audi TT, S3 and Audi A8 6.0 V12 models with outputs of more than 180bhp, running with variable service intervals (30,000km or 2 years). SAE 5W-30. Now superceded by the VW 504 00 specification.

VW 504 00: Long life petrol specification which supercedes the VW 503 00 & VW 503 01 specifications. VW 504 00 oils are suitable for engines meeting the demands of Euro IV emissions standards.

VW 505 00: Passenger car diesel engine oil specification, minimum performance level CCMC PD-2. Lists viscosities SAE 5W-50, 10W-50/60, 15W-40/50, 20W-40/50 requiring 13% max. evaporation loss and SAE 5W-30/40, 10W-30/40 requiring 15% max. evaporation loss.

VW 505 01: Special engine oil for VW turbo diesel engines with pump-injector-unit and for the V8 common rail turbo diesel engines. Meets ACEA B4 SAE 5W-40 specification.

VW 506 00: These oils are suitable for diesel engines with extended service intervals of up to 50,000km/ 2 years. Not for use on engines with a single injector pump. Oil change is indicated by the electronic service indicator. Viscosity is SAE 0W30.

VW 506 01: These oils are especially for "Pumpe-Düse" (unit injector or "PD" engines) running on extended service intervals (30,000 - 50,000km / 24 months). Oil change is indicated by the electronic service indicator.

VW 507 00: Low SAPS oils suitable for Euro 4 engines and almost all VAG diesel engines from 2000 onwards with extended service intervals, unitary injector pumps and also Pumpe-Düse ("PD") engines. Excludes V10, R5 engines and VW Commercial vehicles without fitted DPF (diesel particulate filters) – These must use a 506 01 specification oil.

VW 508 00: Long life petrol engine oil based on ACEA C5 performance levels with additional VW tests. SAE 0W-20. Not backward compatible with earlier VW specifications

VW 509 00: Long life diesel engine oil based on ACEA C5 performance levels with additional VW tests. SAE 0W-20. Not backward compatible with earlier VW specifications

VOLVO:

VDS: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification. A field test is required in 3 trucks equipped with Volvo 12 litre intercooled engines. The test is run for a minimum of 300,000 km with oil change intervals of 50000 km. Viscosity of SAE 10W-30 or 15W-40. API CD/CE upgraded with the above field test.

VDS-2: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification. A field test is required in 3 trucks equipped with Volvo TD 123 series, 12 litre intercooled engines. The test is run for a minimum of 300,000 km with oil change intervals of 60000 km.

VDS-3: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification, based on VDS & VDS-2 but modified for Euro 3 engines. It contains more stringent requirements on piston cleanliness and cylinder polishing and includes quality requirements for ACEA E5.

VDS-4: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification. Suitable for Tier III engines using exhaust after-treatment. Meets API CJ-4 performance level.

VDS-4.5: Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification based upon API CK-4 to reduce emissions and improve fuel economy. Backward compatible with older Volvo specifications.

ILSAC, API and ACEA specifications require a large range of engine and laboratory tests on the oil. Parameters such as high and low temperature wear, oxidation, soot control, oil thickening, deposit control, volatility, stay in grade performance, fuel economy, chemical composition and many others are tested against limits and rated.

In the case of the API, the oil specifications become more severe as the letters climb the alphabet, eg SP is more severe than SN. This is not necessarily the case with ACEA as their specifications are more application specific.

API - American Petroleum Instititute

The API was founded in March 1919 and oversees the certification of industry standards for the petroleum industry in the USA. API specifications are used worldwide by automotive manufacturers.

ACEA - Association des Constructeurs Européens d'Automobiles

As of February 1991 it is the successor of the CCMC manufacturers committee   (Comité des Constructeurs du Marché Commun) which was founded in October 1972.

Its members include - BMW, DAF, Daimler AG, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford Europe, Honda, Hyundai Europe, Iveco, Jaguar Land Rover, Opel Group, PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault, Toyota Europe, Volkswagen Group, Volvo Cars and Volvo Group.

One major area of ACEA work including its predecessor associations has been in performance quality classifications for 4 stroke engine oils

It is effectively, the European equivalent of the API.

In 1947, the API (American Petroleum Institute) developed a rating system that established three types of engine oils:

• Regular
• Premium
• Heavy Duty

Regular grade was considered satisfactory for everyday use in a passenger car. It did not contain oxidation inhibitors that would prevent sudden breakdown of the oil in severe operating conditions.

Premium type oils contained an oxidation inhibiting chemical that would resist oxidation of the oil that would prevent undue sludge forming and bearing corrosion.   

Heavy Duty oils not only contained oxidation additives but detergents to cleanse the engine of deposits and to keep sludge dissolved in the oil.

In 1953, the API, in cooperation with the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), added a service classification system that considered the type of engine for which the oil was being blended. MS or “Most Severe” replaced Heavy Duty spark ignition engines. This rating was in place for the next 23 years.

In 1970, the API, ASTM and SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers), designed an open-ended service classification system, so that additions could be made when required. It was decided to have two basic categories, "S" oils for spark ignition (petrol) engines, and C oils for compression ignition (diesel) engines. For the first time, the classifications were also tied to specific testing procedures and performance levels. In 1970, all existing oils could be covered by four S classifications (SA SD) and four C classifications (CA CD). This system is still in place today with API SP and API CK-4 being the latest specifications.

ACEA stands for "Association des Constructuers Européens de l’Automobile". This classification system is the European equivalent of the API classification system, but is stricter and has more severe requirements.

Hence an oil that meets both API & ACEA specifications uses a better additive package than one that is designed to meet only API specifications. Unlike the API, ACEA has three main groups – “A/B”for petrol (A) and light duty diesel (B) engines, “C” for light duty three way catalyst (TWC) and Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) compatible oils, usually Low and Mid SAPS (Sulphated Ash Phosphorus Sulphur) and “E” for heavy duty diesel engines. These can be defined as follows.

DESIGNATION AND DESCRIPTION:

• A1/B1
  For use in petrol and light duty diesel engines capable of using low friction, low viscosity, and low HT/HS shear (2.9 to 3.5cP) oils. (Obsolete)
• A3/B3
  Stable, stay in grade oil intended for use in high performance petrol and diesel engines or extended drain intervals.
• A3/B4
  For use in direct injection diesel engines where special oils may be required, but also suitable for applications described under A3/B3.
• A5/B5
  Similar to A1/B1 but for high performance engines capable of using low friction, low viscosity as well as low HT/HS oils. May be unsuitable for use in some engines.
• A7/B7
  Stable, stay-in-grade engine oil intended for use at extended oil drain intervals in passenger car and light-duty gasoline & DI diesel engines designed for low viscosity engine oils with HTHS viscosity of 2.9 to 3.5 mPas. Relative to A5/B5 these engine oils provide also low speed pre-ignition- and wear protection for turbocharged gasoline DI engines as well as turbocharger compressor deposit (TCCD) protection for modern DI diesel engines.
• C1
  Stable, stay in grade oil for use in vehicles fitted with DPFs & TWCs and in high performance diesel and petrol engines requiring low friction, low viscosity and Low SAPS (Sulphated Ash <0.5%) oils, with a minimum HT/HS viscosity of 2.9 cP. (Now Obsolete)
• C2
  Stable, stay in grade oil for use in vehicles fitted with DPFs & TWCs and in high performance diesel and petrol engines requiring low friction, low viscosity and Mid SAPS (Sulphated Ash <0.8%) oils, with a minimum HT/HS viscosity of 2.9 cP.
• C3
  Stable, stay in grade oil for use in vehicles fitted with DPFs & TWCs and in high performance diesel and petrol engines requiring low friction, low viscosity and Mid SAPS (Sulphated Ash < 0.8%) oils, with a minimum HT/HS viscosity of 3.5 cP. These oils may also meet A3/B4* and API SN
• C4
  Stable, stay in grade oil similar to C1 but with tighter volatility limits, no lower limit on phosphorus and with a minimum HT/HS viscosity of 3.5 cP.
• C5
  Stable, stay in grade oil similar to C2 and C3 but with a lower HT/HS viscosity of 2.6-2.9 cP.
• C6
  Stable stay in grade engine oil for improved fuel economy with mid-SAPS level for aftermarket compatibility. HT/HS viscosity Minimum 2.6 mPa-S. Relative to C5 oils, these oils provide low speed pre-ignition and wear protectionfor turbocharged gasoline direct injected engines as well as turbocharger compressor deposit (TCCD) protection for modern DI diesel engines.
• C7
• Stable, stay-in-grade engine oil for improved fuel economy, with mid-SAPS Level, for DPF compatibility. HTHS viscosity of minimum 2.3 mPa·s. C7 is based on C6 performance levels, but with  enhanced fuel economy requirements.
• E2
  General purpose oil for naturally aspirated and turbocharged diesel engines, medium to heavy duty service and mostly normal drain intervals. (Obsolete by 2010).
• E4
  Stable, stay in grade oil more severe than E7, for significantly extended oil drain intervals. Usually synthetic or predominantly synthetic. Suitable for Euro 3, Euro 4 & Euro 5 engine emission requirements.
• E6
  As for E4 but with chemical limits to allow use in engines with particulate filters and SCR NOx reduction systems. Only for diesel fuel with <50ppm sulphur, 1.0% ash, 0.08% phosphorus. Suitable for Euro 4, Euro 5 & Euro 6 engine emission requirements.
• E7
  Designed for use in Euro 3, Euro 4 & Euro 5 emission diesel engines in severe heavy duty service and extended drain intervals, where allowed. More severe than E2/E3 but not as severe as E4.
• E8
  2022 saw the introduction of E8 which supersedes and is intended to replace E6, with increased emphasis on oxidation stability and aeration performance. Good oxidation performance helps to prevent oil thickening and reduces acid formation in the engine, which is especially important with increased service intervals. Improved aeration performance helps prevent oil starvation, accelerated engine wear and helps maintain engine power.
• E9
  Designed for Euro 4, Euro 5 & Euro 6 emission diesel engines, with and without DPFs. SAPS limits line up with API CJ-4 & TBN 7 minimum.
• E11
  2022 saw the introduction of E11 which supersedes and is intended to replace E9, with increased emphasis on oxidation stability and aeration performance. Good oxidation performance helps to prevent oil thickening and reduces acid formation in the engine, which is especially important with increased service intervals. Improved aeration performance helps prevent oil starvation, accelerated engine wear and helps maintain engine power output. 
  
  ACEA specification oils have tighter shear stability and oil volatility requirements than equivalent API specification oils. 
  *ACEA 2010 and later specification oils can not meet both C3 & A3/B4.

LOW AND MlD SAPS SPECIFICATIONS:

Low and Mid SAPS (Sulphated Ash, Phosphorous and Sulphur) engine oils are formulated for modern fuel efficient, low emission engines.

The European body ACEA classes the light duty diesel oils under a “C” grade specification meaning “catalyst compatible”, and a numbering system from 1 through to 5. Hence we have ACEA C1, C2, C3, C4 & C5 grade oils, all of which have different chemical and performance standards. The table below shows some of the different chemical requirements for each grade.

ACEA “C” grade oils can be made in various viscosities but it is possible to have for example, a 5W-30 viscosity for each ACEA C1, C2, C3, C4 & C5 grade. C2, C3 & C5 have similar chemical limits but different High Temperature / High Shear (HT/HS) figures, the lower HT/HS, meaning it provides better fuel economy, although a low HT/HS number is not suitable for all engines. Example - an ACEA C2 engine oil will provide better fuel economy that an ACEA C3 engine oil, but may not provide the same protection levels due to the lower film strength.

ACEA C grade oils are for the most, not interchangeable with one another depending on the particular applications. e.g. An ACEA C1 engine oil, cannot be used where an ACEA C3 oil is specified by the manufacturer as the C1 has a lower Sulphated Ash requirement than a C3 oil. This could lead to longevity issues with the engine. Alternatively, if a C3 oil is used in place of a C1 oil, this could cause issues with after treatment systems such as DPFs or catalysts in the exhaust system.

Some manufacturers also have their own specifications such as Mercedes Benz with MB 229.31/229.51/229.52, BMW Longlife-04 & VW 507 00. The Japanese Standards Organisation also have a specification – JASO DL-1 which is used by some Mazda and Mitsubishi diesels.

PENRITE PRODUCTS with ACEA "C" Grade performance levels

ILSAC (International Lubricants Standardisation and Approval Committee) includes the major automobile manufacturers that manufacture vehicles in the USA and Japan. Effectively, ILSAC specifications are the fuel economy version of the API specifications.

• GF-1 Is obsolete.
• GF-2 Is equivalent to API SJ.
• GF-3 Is equivalent to API SL.
• GF-4 Is equivalent to API SM.
• GF-5 Is equivalent to API SN.
• GF-6A Is equivalent of API SP (for XW-20 to XW-30)
• GF-6B Is equivalent of API SP (for XW16 and under)

ILSAC grades only apply to viscosities XW-20 & XW-30. GF-4 has introduced a phosphorus limit of 0.08% maximum and a sulphur limit of 0.2% maximum, GF-5 is similar, but it introduced new requirements relating to phosphorus volatility and compatibility with ethanol fuels.

In 2020, ILSAC GF-6A and ILSAC GF-6B were introduced with API SP.GF-6A applies to viscosities such as 0W-20, 5W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30 & 10W-30. ILSAC GF-6B applies to viscosities lower than XW-20, such as 0W-16, 0W-12 and 0W-8.

The latest ILSAC specifications, are backwards compatible and is suitable for use in place of earlier ILSAC classifications.

HEAVY DUTY:

JASO - Japanese Automotive Standards Organization. They have 3 heavy duty classifications:

• JASO DL-1
  Light duty diesel engine oil specification developed for use in engines equipped with an exhaust after treatment device such as a DPF or a catalyst.
  
  
• JASO DH-1
  Heavy duty diesel, higher ash formulation with performance superior to API CF-4. Has additional valve train wear and piston cleanliness requirements.
  
  
• JASO DH-2
  Heavy duty diesel engine oil specification, similar to API CJ-4 and ACEA E9. It was developed for use in engines equipped with an exhaust after treatment device such as a DPF or a catalyst.

MOTORCYCLE:

JASO also have 4 classifications for motorcycle oil, MA, MA1, MA2 and MB. Their differences are determined by a clutch system friction test.

• JASO MA
  Japanese four stroke motorcycles, non-friction modified engine oil suitable for use with wet clutches. Now further split into MA1 and MA2 based on a clutch system friction test.
  
  
• JASO MB
  For motorcycles fitted with Automatic transmission (Scooters). Contains friction modifiers for smooth transmission changes and better economy.

MARINE:

• NMMA FC-W®
  Released in 2004 for four stroke outboard oils.
  
  
• NMMA FC-W® CAT 
  Mid-SAPS oil for four stroke outboard engines with exhaust after treatment catalyst systems.
  
  
• NMMA TC-W3
  Marine Watercooled 2 Stroke oils

Developed by ACEA, EMA (Engine Manufacturers Association) & JAMA (Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association) for diesel oils with different limits to the ‘donor’ categories.

HEAVY DUTY: DHD-1 = E7/CI–4 + JASO tests

LIGHT DUTY: DLD-1 = B2 + JASO tests, DLD-2 = B1 + JASO tests, DLD-3 = B3 + JASO tests